How to read a skincare ingredient list

Ingredient lists look complicated, but a few rules make them easy to read.

Order matters

In the US, cosmetic ingredients are listed in descending order of concentration down to 1%. Ingredients below 1% can be listed in any order. The first five ingredients usually make up most of the product.

Actives

Look for the ingredient the product is built around, such as niacinamide, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), retinol or salicylic acid. Brands that list the percentage make comparison easier.

Sunscreen is a drug in the US

Sunscreens list active ingredients separately in a Drug Facts box, with percentages. Check the SPF and "broad spectrum" on the label.

Fragrance

"Fragrance" or "parfum" can cover many components. If your skin is sensitive, consider fragrance-free options.

Patch test

Apply a small amount behind the ear or on the inner arm for a few days before using a new product on your face.